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مدیریت آسان ماشین مجازی با ابزار libguestfs – قسمت دوم
جمعه ۲ فروردین ۱۳۹۲ آموزش , لینوکس , معرفی نرم‌افزار , مقالات , نکتههااین مطلب در دو بخش نوشته شده است. بخش اول در اینجا
virt-copy-out: فایل و دایرکتوری‌های داخل ماشین مجازی را به بیرون از ماشین کپی می‌کند.
12#virt-copy-out -d name /home/ /home/back_up#virt-copy-out -a image.vm /home/ /home/back_upvirt-df: فضای خالی ماشین مجازی را نشان می‌دهد.
123#virt-df domname#virt-df [--options] -d domname#virt-df [--options] -a disk.imgمثالی از عملکرد برنامه:
1234567#virt-df -a vmFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use%vm:/dev/sda1 330215 119878 193288 37%vm:/dev/sda5 2879612 361160 2372176 13%vm:/dev/sda6 1412048 93520 1246800 7%vm:/dev/sda8 238986 6175 220472 3%vm:/dev/sda9 2913876 69964 2695896 3%virt-v2v: ماشین‌های مجازی Xen و یا VMware را به KVM تبدیل می‌کند.
virt-p2v: اطلاعات یک سیستم فیزیکی را برای اجرا بروی KVM تبدیل می‌کند.
guestmount: فایل سیستم ماشین مجازی مهمان را در سیستم میزبان مونت می‌کند. با توجه به اینکه یک ایمیج ممکن است شامل چند پارتیشن باشد با پارامتر -m پارتیشنی که می‌خواهیم مونت کنیم را مشخص می‌کنیم. همچنین با استفاده از پارامتر -i به صورت خودکار پارتیشن‌ها شناسایی شده و مونت می‌شوند.
123#guestmount [--options] -a disk.img -m device [--ro] mountpoint#guestmount [--options] -a disk.img -i [--ro] mountpoint#guestmount [--options] -d name -i [--ro] mountpointچند مثال:
پارتیشن روت را از مسیر /dev/VG/LV و پارتیشن /boot را از مسیر /dev/sda1 در دایرکتوری /mnt مونت می‌کنیم.
1#guestmount -a linux.img -m /dev/VG/LV -m /dev/sda1:/boot --ro /mntهمه پارتیشن‌های ایمیج guest به صورت خودکار شناسایی و در /mnt مونت می‌شوند.
1#guestmount -a guest.img -i --ro /mntبرای از حالت مونت خارج کردن پارتیشن‌ها از دستور guestunmount به صورت زیر استفاده می‌کنیم.
1#guestunmount /mntنکته: نوشتن در ماشین مجازی که روشن است ممکن است باعث خراب شدن و از دست رفتن اطلاعات شود. بنابراین بهتر است در هنگام مونت کردن ماشین مجازی که روشن است فایل سیستم را با پارامتر –ro بصورت فقط خواندنی مونت کنیم.
virt-filesystems: فایل سیستم‌ها و پارتینش‌های موجود در یک ماشین مجازی را لیست می‌کند.
12#virt-filesystems [--options] -d domname#virt-filesystems [--options] -a disk.imgمثال:
123456#virt-filesystems -a vm.img/dev/sda1/dev/sda5/dev/sda6/dev/sda8/dev/sda9virt-resize: با این ابزار می‌توانیم یک ایمیج و یا دیسک ماشین مجازی را کوچک و یا بزرگ کنیم.
1#virt-resize [--resize /dev/sdaN=[+/-]<size>[%]] [--expand /dev/sdaN] [--shrink /dev/sdaN] [--ignore /dev/sdaN] [--delete /dev/sdaN] [...] indisk outdiskvirt-win-reg: با استفاده از این دستور می‌توانیم رجیستری ویندوز در ماشین مجازی را ویرایش کنیم.
12345#virt-win-reg domname 'HKLM\Path\To\Subkey'#virt-win-reg domname 'HKLM\Path\To\Subkey' name#virt-win-reg domname 'HKLM\Path\To\Subkey' @#virt-win-reg --merge domname [input.reg ...]#virt-win-reg [--options] disk.img ... # instead of domnameguestfish:
یک ابزار خط فرمانی و شل است که با استفاده از توابع کتاب‌خانه‌ای و API های libguestfs فایل‌سیستم ماشین‌مجازی را بررسی و ویرایش می‌کند.
1#guestfishبرای استفاده از guestfish کافی است دستور را در ماشین مهمان وارد کنیم و دستورات با به صورت ویزارد وارد کنیم.
1234567#guestfishWelcome to guestfish, the libguestfs filesystem interactive shell forediting virtual machine filesystems.Type: 'help' for help on commands'man' to read the manual'quit' to quit the shell><fs>بعد از ورود به شل guestfish می‌توانیم دستورات را وارد کنیم. بع عنوان مثال با add-ro disk.img یک ایمیج را به صورت فقط خواندنی اضافه می‌کنیم.
12345678><fs> add-ro vm.img><fs> run><fs> mount /dev/vda1 /><fs> ls /root.aptitude.bashrc.profile><fs> exitدر حال حاظر guestfish ۵۰۲ دستور متفاوت را پشتیبانی می‌کند. لیست این دستورات را در لینک زیر مشاهده می‌کنید.
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Descriptionhelp display a list of commands or help on a commandquit quit guestfishacl-delete-def-file delete the default POSIX ACL of a directoryacl-get-file get the POSIX ACL attached to a fileacl-set-file set the POSIX ACL attached to a fileadd-cdrom add a CD-ROM disc image to examineadd-domain add the disc(s) from a named libvirt domainadd-drive add an image to examine or modifyadd-drive-ro add a drive in snapshot mode (read-only)add-drive-ro-with-if add a drive read-only specifying the QEMU block emulation to useadd-drive-with-if add a drive specifying the QEMU block emulation to usealloc allocate and add a disc fileaug-clear clear Augeas pathaug-close close the current Augeas handleaug-defnode define an Augeas nodeaug-defvar define an Augeas variableaug-get look up the value of an Augeas pathaug-init create a new Augeas handleaug-insert insert a sibling Augeas nodeaug-load load files into the treeaug-ls list Augeas nodes under augpathaug-match return Augeas nodes which match augpathaug-mv move Augeas nodeaug-rm remove an Augeas pathaug-save write all pending Augeas changes to diskaug-set set Augeas path to valueavailable test availability of some parts of the APIavailable-all-groups return a list of all optional groupsbase64-in upload base64-encoded data to filebase64-out download file and encode as base64blkid print block device attributesblockdev-flushbufs flush device buffersblockdev-getbsz get blocksize of block deviceblockdev-getro is block device set to read-onlyblockdev-getsize64 get total size of device in bytesblockdev-getss get sectorsize of block deviceblockdev-getsz get total size of device in 512-byte sectorsblockdev-rereadpt reread partition tableblockdev-setbsz set blocksize of block deviceblockdev-setro set block device to read-onlyblockdev-setrw set block device to read-writebtrfs-device-add add devices to a btrfs filesystembtrfs-device-delete remove devices from a btrfs filesystembtrfs-filesystem-balance balance a btrfs filesystembtrfs-filesystem-resize resize a btrfs filesystembtrfs-filesystem-sync sync a btrfs filesystembtrfs-fsck check a btrfs filesystembtrfs-set-seeding enable or disable the seeding feature of devicebtrfs-subvolume-create create a btrfs snapshotbtrfs-subvolume-delete delete a btrfs snapshotbtrfs-subvolume-list list btrfs snapshots and subvolumesbtrfs-subvolume-set-default set default btrfs subvolumebtrfs-subvolume-snapshot create a writable btrfs snapshotcanonical-device-name return canonical device namecap-get-file get the Linux capabilities attached to a filecap-set-file set the Linux capabilities attached to a filecase-sensitive-path return true path on case-insensitive filesystemcat list the contents of a filechecksum compute MD5, SHAx or CRC checksum of filechecksum-device compute MD5, SHAx or CRC checksum of the contents of a devicechecksums-out compute MD5, SHAx or CRC checksum of files in a directorychmod change file modechown change file owner and groupcommand run a command from the guest filesystemcommand-lines run a command, returning linescompress-device-out output compressed devicecompress-out output compressed fileconfig add qemu parameterscopy-device-to-device copy from source device to destination devicecopy-device-to-file copy from source device to destination filecopy-file-to-device copy from source file to destination devicecopy-file-to-file copy from source file to destination filecopy-in copy local files or directories into an imagecopy-out copy remote files or directories out of an imagecopy-size copy size bytes from source to destination using ddcp copy a filecp-a copy a file or directory recursivelydd copy from source to destination using dddebug debugging and internalsdebug-drives debug the drives (internal use only)debug-upload upload a file to the appliance (internal use only)delete-event delete a previously registered event handlerdevice-index convert device to indexdf report file system disk space usagedf-h report file system disk space usage (human readable)disk-format detect the disk format of a disk imagedisk-has-backing-file return whether disk has a backing filedisk-virtual-size return virtual size of a diskdisplay display an imagedmesg return kernel messagesdownload download a file to the local machinedownload-offset download a file to the local machine with offset and sizedrop-caches drop kernel page cache, dentries and inodesdu estimate file space usagee2fsck check an ext2/ext3 filesysteme2fsck-f check an ext2/ext3 filesystemecho display a line of textecho-daemon echo arguments back to the clientedit edit a fileegrep return lines matching a patternegrepi return lines matching a patternequal test if two files have equal contentsevent register a handler for an event or eventsexists test if file or directory existsfallocate preallocate a file in the guest filesystemfallocate64 preallocate a file in the guest filesystemfgrep return lines matching a patternfgrepi return lines matching a patternfile determine file typefile-architecture detect the architecture of a binary filefilesize return the size of the file in bytesfilesystem-available check if filesystem is availablefill fill a file with octetsfill-dir fill a directory with empty filesfill-pattern fill a file with a repeating pattern of bytesfind find all files and directoriesfind0 find all files and directories, returning NUL-separated listfindfs-label find a filesystem by labelfindfs-uuid find a filesystem by UUIDfsck run the filesystem checkerfstrim trim free space in a filesystemget-append get the additional kernel optionsget-attach-method get the attach methodget-autosync get autosync modeget-cachedir get the appliance cache directoryget-direct get direct appliance mode flagget-e2attrs get ext2 file attributes of a fileget-e2generation get ext2 file generation of a fileget-e2label get the ext2/3/4 filesystem labelget-e2uuid get the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUIDget-libvirt-requested-credential-challenge challenge of i'th requested credentialget-libvirt-requested-credential-defresult default result of i'th requested credentialget-libvirt-requested-credential-prompt prompt of i'th requested credentialget-libvirt-requested-credentials get list of credentials requested by libvirtget-memsize get memory allocated to the qemu subprocessget-network get enable network flagget-path get the search pathget-pgroup get process group flagget-pid get PID of qemu subprocessget-qemu get the qemu binaryget-recovery-proc get recovery process enabled flagget-selinux get SELinux enabled flagget-smp get number of virtual CPUs in applianceget-tmpdir get the temporary directoryget-trace get command trace enabled flagget-umask get the current umaskget-verbose get verbose modegetcon get SELinux security contextgetxattr get a single extended attributegetxattrs list extended attributes of a file or directoryglob expand wildcards in commandglob-expand expand a wildcard pathgrep return lines matching a patterngrepi return lines matching a patterngrub-install install GRUB 1head return first 10 lines of a filehead-n return first N lines of a filehexdump dump a file in hexadecimalhexedit edit with a hex editorhivex-close close the current hivex handlehivex-commit commit (write) changes back to the hivehivex-node-add-child add a child nodehivex-node-children return list of nodes which are subkeys of nodehivex-node-delete-child delete a node (recursively)hivex-node-get-child return the named child of nodehivex-node-get-value return the named valuehivex-node-name return the name of the nodehivex-node-parent return the parent of nodehivex-node-set-value set or replace a single value in a nodehivex-node-values return list of values attached to nodehivex-open open a Windows Registry hive filehivex-root return the root node of the hivehivex-value-key return the key field from the (key, datatype, data) tuplehivex-value-type return the data type from the (key, datatype, data) tuplehivex-value-utf8 return the data field from the (key, datatype, data) tuplehivex-value-value return the data field from the (key, datatype, data) tupleinitrd-cat list the contents of a single file in an initrdinitrd-list list files in an initrdinotify-add-watch add an inotify watchinotify-close close the inotify handleinotify-files return list of watched files that had eventsinotify-init create an inotify handleinotify-read return list of inotify eventsinotify-rm-watch remove an inotify watchinspect-get-arch get architecture of inspected operating systeminspect-get-distro get distro of inspected operating systeminspect-get-drive-mappings get drive letter mappingsinspect-get-filesystems get filesystems associated with inspected operating systeminspect-get-format get format of inspected operating systeminspect-get-hostname get hostname of the operating systeminspect-get-icon get the icon corresponding to this operating systeminspect-get-major-version get major version of inspected operating systeminspect-get-minor-version get minor version of inspected operating systeminspect-get-mountpoints get mountpoints of inspected operating systeminspect-get-package-format get package format used by the operating systeminspect-get-package-management get package management tool used by the operating systeminspect-get-product-name get product name of inspected operating systeminspect-get-product-variant get product variant of inspected operating systeminspect-get-roots return list of operating systems found by last inspectioninspect-get-type get type of inspected operating systeminspect-get-windows-current-control-set get Windows CurrentControlSet of inspected operating systeminspect-get-windows-systemroot get Windows systemroot of inspected operating systeminspect-is-live get live flag for install diskinspect-is-multipart get multipart flag for install diskinspect-is-netinst get netinst (network installer) flag for install diskinspect-list-applications get list of applications installed in the operating systeminspect-list-applications2 get list of applications installed in the operating systeminspect-os inspect disk and return list of operating systems foundis-blockdev test if block deviceis-chardev test if character deviceis-config is in configuration stateis-dir test if a directoryis-fifo test if FIFO (named pipe)is-file test if a regular fileis-lv test if device is a logical volumeis-socket test if socketis-symlink test if symbolic linkis-whole-device test if a device is a whole deviceis-zero test if a file contains all zero bytesis-zero-device test if a device contains all zero bytesisoinfo get ISO information from primary volume descriptor of ISO fileisoinfo-device get ISO information from primary volume descriptor of devicekill-subprocess kill the qemu subprocesslaunch launch the qemu subprocesslcd change working directorylchown change file owner and groupldmtool-create-all scan and create Windows dynamic disk volumesldmtool-diskgroup-disks return the disks in a Windows dynamic disk groupldmtool-diskgroup-name return the name of a Windows dynamic disk groupldmtool-diskgroup-volumes return the volumes in a Windows dynamic disk groupldmtool-remove-all remove all Windows dynamic disk volumesldmtool-scan scan for Windows dynamic disksldmtool-scan-devices scan for Windows dynamic disksldmtool-volume-hint return the hint field of a Windows dynamic disk volumeldmtool-volume-partitions return the partitions in a Windows dynamic disk volumeldmtool-volume-type return the type of a Windows dynamic disk volumelgetxattr get a single extended attributelgetxattrs list extended attributes of a file or directorylist-9p list 9p filesystemslist-devices list the block deviceslist-disk-labels mapping of disk labels to deviceslist-dm-devices list device mapper deviceslist-events list event handlerslist-filesystems list filesystemslist-ldm-partitions list all Windows dynamic disk partitionslist-ldm-volumes list all Windows dynamic disk volumeslist-md-devices list Linux md (RAID) deviceslist-partitions list the partitionsll list the files in a directory (long format)llz list the files in a directory (long format with SELinux contexts)ln create a hard linkln-f create a hard linkln-s create a symbolic linkln-sf create a symbolic linklremovexattr remove extended attribute of a file or directoryls list the files in a directoryls0 get list of files in a directorylsetxattr set extended attribute of a file or directorylstat get file information for a symbolic linklstatlist lstat on multiple filesluks-add-key add a key on a LUKS encrypted deviceluks-close close a LUKS deviceluks-format format a block device as a LUKS encrypted deviceluks-format-cipher format a block device as a LUKS encrypted deviceluks-kill-slot remove a key from a LUKS encrypted deviceluks-open open a LUKS-encrypted block deviceluks-open-ro open a LUKS-encrypted block device read-onlylvcreate create an LVM logical volumelvcreate-free create an LVM logical volume in % remaining free spacelvm-canonical-lv-name get canonical name of an LVlvm-clear-filter clear LVM device filterlvm-remove-all remove all LVM LVs, VGs and PVslvm-set-filter set LVM device filterlvremove remove an LVM logical volumelvrename rename an LVM logical volumelvresize resize an LVM logical volumelvresize-free expand an LV to fill free spacelvs list the LVM logical volumes (LVs)lvs-full list the LVM logical volumes (LVs)lvuuid get the UUID of a logical volumelxattrlist lgetxattr on multiple filesman open the manualmax-disks maximum number of disks that may be addedmd-create create a Linux md (RAID) devicemd-detail obtain metadata for an MD devicemd-stat get underlying devices from an MD devicemd-stop stop a Linux md (RAID) devicemkdir create a directorymkdir-mode create a directory with a particular modemkdir-p create a directory and parentsmkdtemp create a temporary directorymke2fs create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem on devicemke2fs-J make ext2/3/4 filesystem with external journalmke2fs-JL make ext2/3/4 filesystem with external journalmke2fs-JU make ext2/3/4 filesystem with external journalmke2journal make ext2/3/4 external journalmke2journal-L make ext2/3/4 external journal with labelmke2journal-U make ext2/3/4 external journal with UUIDmkfifo make FIFO (named pipe)mkfs make a filesystemmkfs-b make a filesystem with block sizemkfs-btrfs create a btrfs filesystemmklost-and-found make lost+found directory on an ext2/3/4 filesystemmkmountpoint create a mountpointmknod make block, character or FIFO devicesmknod-b make block device nodemknod-c make char device nodemkswap create a swap partitionmkswap-L create a swap partition with a labelmkswap-U create a swap partition with an explicit UUIDmkswap-file create a swap filemktemp create a temporary filemodprobe load a kernel modulemore view a filemount mount a guest disk at a position in the filesystemmount-9p mount 9p filesystemmount-local mount on the local filesystemmount-local-run run main loop of mount on the local filesystemmount-loop mount a file using the loop devicemount-options mount a guest disk with mount optionsmount-ro mount a guest disk, read-onlymount-vfs mount a guest disk with mount options and vfstypemountpoints show mountpointsmounts show mounted filesystemsmv move a filenr-devices return number of whole block devices (disks) addedntfs-3g-probe probe NTFS volumentfsclone-in restore NTFS from backup filentfsclone-out save NTFS to backup filentfsfix fix common errors and force Windows to check NTFSntfsresize resize an NTFS filesystemntfsresize-size resize an NTFS filesystem (with size)parse-environment parse the environment and set handle flags accordinglyparse-environment-list parse the environment and set handle flags accordinglypart-add add a partition to the devicepart-del delete a partitionpart-disk partition whole disk with a single primary partitionpart-get-bootable return true if a partition is bootablepart-get-gpt-type get the type GUID of a GPT partitionpart-get-mbr-id get the MBR type byte (ID byte) from a partitionpart-get-parttype get the partition table typepart-init create an empty partition tablepart-list list partitions on a devicepart-set-bootable make a partition bootablepart-set-gpt-type set the type GUID of a GPT partitionpart-set-mbr-id set the MBR type byte (ID byte) of a partitionpart-set-name set partition namepart-to-dev convert partition name to device namepart-to-partnum convert partition name to partition numberping-daemon ping the guest daemonpread read part of a filepread-device read part of a devicepvchange-uuid generate a new random UUID for a physical volumepvchange-uuid-all generate new random UUIDs for all physical volumespvcreate create an LVM physical volumepvremove remove an LVM physical volumepvresize resize an LVM physical volumepvresize-size resize an LVM physical volume (with size)pvs list the LVM physical volumes (PVs)pvs-full list the LVM physical volumes (PVs)pvuuid get the UUID of a physical volumepwrite write to part of a filepwrite-device write to part of a deviceread-file read a fileread-lines read file as linesreaddir read directories entriesreadlink read the target of a symbolic linkreadlinklist readlink on multiple filesrealpath canonicalized absolute pathnameremove-drive remove a disk imageremovexattr remove extended attribute of a file or directoryrename rename a file on the same filesystemreopen close and reopen libguestfs handleresize2fs resize an ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystemresize2fs-M resize an ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystem to the minimum sizeresize2fs-size resize an ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystem (with size)rm remove a filerm-f remove a file ignoring errorsrm-rf remove a file or directory recursivelyrmdir remove a directoryrmmountpoint remove a mountpointrsync synchronize the contents of two directoriesrsync-in synchronize host or remote filesystem with filesystemrsync-out synchronize filesystem with host or remote filesystemscrub-device scrub (securely wipe) a devicescrub-file scrub (securely wipe) a filescrub-freespace scrub (securely wipe) free spaceset-append add options to kernel command lineset-attach-method set the attach methodset-autosync set autosync modeset-cachedir set the appliance cache directoryset-direct enable or disable direct appliance modeset-e2attrs set ext2 file attributes of a fileset-e2generation set ext2 file generation of a fileset-e2label set the ext2/3/4 filesystem labelset-e2uuid set the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUIDset-label set filesystem labelset-libvirt-requested-credential pass requested credential back to libvirtset-libvirt-supported-credentials set libvirt credentials supported by calling programset-memsize set memory allocated to the qemu subprocessset-network set enable network flagset-path set the search pathset-pgroup set process group flagset-qemu set the qemu binaryset-recovery-proc enable or disable the recovery processset-selinux set SELinux enabled or disabled at appliance bootset-smp set number of virtual CPUs in applianceset-tmpdir set the temporary directoryset-trace enable or disable command tracesset-verbose set verbose modesetcon set SELinux security contextsetenv set an environment variablesetxattr set extended attribute of a file or directorysfdisk create partitions on a block devicesfdiskM create partitions on a block devicesfdisk-N modify a single partition on a block devicesfdisk-disk-geometry display the disk geometry from the partition tablesfdisk-kernel-geometry display the kernel geometrysfdisk-l display the partition tablesh run a command via the shellsh-lines run a command via the shell returning linesshutdown shutdown the qemu subprocesssleep sleep for some secondssparse create a sparse disk image and addstat get file informationstatvfs get file system statisticsstrings print the printable strings in a filestrings-e print the printable strings in a filesupported list supported groups of commandsswapoff-device disable swap on deviceswapoff-file disable swap on fileswapoff-label disable swap on labeled swap partitionswapoff-uuid disable swap on swap partition by UUIDswapon-device enable swap on deviceswapon-file enable swap on fileswapon-label enable swap on labeled swap partitionswapon-uuid enable swap on swap partition by UUIDsync sync disks, writes are flushed through to the disk imagetail return last 10 lines of a filetail-n return last N lines of a filetar-in unpack tarfile to directorytar-out pack directory into tarfiletgz-in unpack compressed tarball to directorytgz-out pack directory into compressed tarballtime print elapsed time taken to run a commandtouch update file timestamps or create a new filetruncate truncate a file to zero sizetruncate-size truncate a file to a particular sizetune2fs adjust ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem parameterstune2fs-l get ext2/ext3/ext4 superblock detailstxz-in unpack compressed tarball to directorytxz-out pack directory into compressed tarballumask set file mode creation mask (umask)umount unmount a filesystemumount-all unmount all filesystemsumount-local unmount a locally mounted filesystemunsetenv unset an environment variableupload upload a file from the local machineupload-offset upload a file from the local machine with offsetuser-cancel cancel the current upload or download operationutimens set timestamp of a file with nanosecond precisionutsname appliance kernel versionversion get the library version numbervfs-label get the filesystem labelvfs-type get the Linux VFS type corresponding to a mounted devicevfs-uuid get the filesystem UUIDvg-activate activate or deactivate some volume groupsvg-activate-all activate or deactivate all volume groupsvgchange-uuid generate a new random UUID for a volume groupvgchange-uuid-all generate new random UUIDs for all volume groupsvgcreate create an LVM volume groupvglvuuids get the LV UUIDs of all LVs in the volume groupvgmeta get volume group metadatavgpvuuids get the PV UUIDs containing the volume groupvgremove remove an LVM volume groupvgrename rename an LVM volume groupvgs list the LVM volume groups (VGs)vgs-full list the LVM volume groups (VGs)vgscan rescan for LVM physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumesvguuid get the UUID of a volume groupwc-c count characters in a filewc-l count lines in a filewc-w count words in a filewipefs wipe a filesystem signature from a devicewrite create a new filewrite-append append content to end of filewrite-file create a filexfs-admin change parameters of an XFS filesystemxfs-growfs expand an existing XFS filesystemxfs-info get geometry of XFS filesystemxfs-repair repair an XFS filesystemzegrep return lines matching a patternzegrepi return lines matching a patternzero write zeroes to the devicezero-device write zeroes to an entire devicezero-free-space zero free space in a filesystemzerofree zero unused inodes and disk blocks on ext2/3 filesystemzfgrep return lines matching a patternzfgrepi return lines matching a patternzfile determine file type inside a compressed filezgrep return lines matching a patternzgrepi return lines matching a patternUse -h / help to show detailed help for a command.مطالب مرتبط:
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